Brahma Muhurta window

panchangam.brahma-muhurta

A fixed pre-sunrise interval identifies Brahma Muhurta.

Assurance

Level	Current statement
Documented and traceable	Yes — the canonical record includes the process and a worked example.
Regression or reproduction checked	Linked to 1 repository test file(s).
Independently source-supported	Partial support only; read the provenance note and limitations before generalizing.

Computation method

Method type: formula

Return the fixed interval from 96 to 48 clock minutes before the computed sunrise.

Process

1. Represent 48 minutes as 1/30 of a Julian day.
2. Subtract two such units from sunrise for the start.
3. Subtract one such unit from sunrise for the end.
4. Convert both Julian instants to whole-second UTC datetimes.

Formulae

Fixed pre-sunrise interval

m = 1 day / 30 = 48 minutes
start = sunrise - 2m
end = sunrise - m

• sunrise: computed location/date sunrise
• m: fixed 48-minute Julian-day fraction

Worked example

Hyderabad, 2026-06-11

Inputs

• Sunrise: 05:41:11 IST

Calculation

1. Start = 05:41:11 - 96 minutes.
2. End = 05:41:11 - 48 minutes.

Result

• Brahma Muhurta: 04:05:11-04:53:11 IST

Method notes

• The interval is fixed in clock minutes and does not scale with seasonal day or night length.

Contract

Owning layer: engine-core
Claim kind: textual-rule
Time basis: Fixed civil interval before local sunrise.

Inputs

• sunrise instant

Outputs

• Brahma Muhurta start/end

References and evidence

Evidence classes: textual, published_panchangam
Verification states: partially_verified

Representative published values are checked; textual coverage remains grouped.

panchangam.mixed_daily_windows

Evidence class: textual
Verification state: partially_verified
Locator: B. V. Raman, Chapter III, Nakshatra Tyajyakala table, inspected in the 2020 Chistabo derivative at internal printed p. 7 (physical PDF p. 10), and Chapter V section 7, Durmuhurta, internal printed p. 13 (physical PDF p. 16); regional tables remain regression-pinned
Last reviewed: 2026-09-04
Scope: The auspicious, inauspicious and Choghadiya response objects are mixed containers. Raman supports the four-Ghati Nakshatra Tyajyakala concept and his printed Durmuhurta scheme, but the project's regional weekday tables are not identical to Raman's table and the remaining Brahma Muhurta, Abhijit, Amrita Kalam, Rahu Kalam, Gulika, Yamagandam and Choghadiya components do not yet have criterion-level textual claims. This state records partial evidence, not umbrella verification.

Sources

• Muhurtha (Electional Astrology) — B. V. Raman; UBS Publishers' Distributors, 1993, ISBN 9788185674681, 181 catalogued pages; authority type: modern_synthesis
• Muhurtha (Electional Astrology) — Chistabo re-edited derivative — B. V. Raman; re-edited by Simon (Chistabo); 2020 re-edited transcription, 78 physical PDF pages; authority type: inspected_derivative
• Muhurta Chintamani — Rama Daivajna; Undated Sanskrit text with Hindi commentary, Internet Archive identifier muhurta-chintamani-hindi; authority type: primary_text_hindi_commentary

The complete machine-readable source registry is available in provenance.json. A regression fixture or same-code reproduction is not independent verification.

Reproduce and review

• tests/test_muhurta_windows.py

Run the linked tests, then the complete offline contract:

python tools/verify_project.py

Public surfaces

• python-library
• mcp
• ics
• website

Limitations

• The fixed-minute implementation does not scale this window by seasonal day length.

Implementation

• owner: telugu_panchangam/engines/base.py — PanchangamEngine._brahma_muhurta

This route is generated from computations.json. Edit the registry and canonical reference prose in the same pull request as a behavior change.